From Jerusalem to Antioch to Rome

Introduction

Today we conclude our three part comparison of Palmer Becker’s summary of an Anabaptist identity with the first church in the book of Acts. (Perhaps I should say “an Anabaptist perspective on our Christian identity”. What I am describing belongs, I believe, to all Christians, but is distinctive of an Anabaptist-Mennonite understanding of Christian faith.)

Two weeks ago we considered the first summary statement, “Jesus is the centre of our faith”, by looking at the church begun at Pentecost (Acts 2).

Last week we examined the third summary statement, “Reconciliation is the centre of our work”, through the controversy that threatened to blow up the First Church of Jerusalem in Acts 15—the Council of Jerusalem

Today we conclude with the middle one, “Community is the centre of our life”, by looking at the church as it was in Paul’s experience by the end of Acts 28. I will review the story of Acts briefly up to chapter 28, look at what Paul found in Rome and how he lived there, and then ask what the whole account has to teach us today.

Acts to this point

Acts 2 shows the church formed at Pentecost, less than two months after the crucifixion of Jesus. This was a Jewish church until the movement of Gentiles into their fellowship in Acts 10 and 11. The church was then established in Antioch, 300 miles north, as well as in Jerusalem. The Antioch church sent the new convert, Saul, off with the old apostle, Barnabas, to evangelize Asia Minor, leading to many more Gentile followers of Jesus.

Now the Jewish Christians had to decide if Gentile converts must also become Jews. The resulting controversy between Paul and Barnabas on the one hand and the “circumcisers” on the other, led to Peter’s great statement in Acts 15: “We are saved by grace, even as they are”, and to the decision of the Jerusalem Council that Jesus was all that they needed. Following the council, Paul left for his second missionary journey, now travelling with Silas. Throughout the rest of Acts they travel to Asia Minor (Turkey) and Greece, preaching to Jews and Gentiles in each place. It is an interesting exercise (beyond the bounds of this sermon) to place Paul’s letters within his travels—letters to the Galatians (just before the Jerusalem Council) and to the Corinthians and to Philippi and to Rome itself.

From these letters we learn that a basic purpose of their travels was to collect money for what we can call “The Jerusalem Fund”. The founding church in Jerusalem struggled with difficult economic conditions, as we can see already from Acts 2. From the beginning the first church pooled their resources to care for each other. That practice marked the early church through its first 300 years; it was known as a church who cared for the poor.

In Acts 21 Paul and Silas returned to Jerusalem, taking with them the gift they had collected from the Gentile churches of Asia and Greece. While there, Paul entered the Temple to worship as a Jew (he never stopped being an observant Jew), and his enemies started a riot against him, based on the false claim that he had defiled the Temple by bringing Gentiles into the inner courts, where they were forbidden. The Roman commander in Jerusalem arrested Paul, and he defended himself first before the Sanhedrin and then before the Roman governor, until in Acts 25 he appealed to Caesar. As a Roman citizen, Paul had the right to hear his case tried before Caesar himself, so the new governor (Festus) sent him to Rome to stand before the Emperor. Chapters 26 to 28 detail that journey under military guard, and the verses we heard this morning describe the journey’s end.

Acts 28

Verses 11 to 16 tell about the last stage of the journey, sailing from Malta to the coast of Italy, and then walking from there to Rome. There was already a church in Rome, and believers from the church heard of Paul’s coming. They met him on the road about 30 or 40 miles from Rome and walked into the city with him.

In Rome Paul was placed under house arrest “with a soldier to guard him”. I don’t know if he paid the rent on his house himself or if someone from the church in Rome paid his expenses, nor do I know who covered the guard’s expenses. In any case, Paul had enough freedom to send for the leaders of the Jewish community in Rome (verses 17-29). He presented the gospel to them, as he had wherever he went. Some received the gospel, but the main leadership of the synagogue rejected it, and Paul told them that they had fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy, leading to his continued mission to Gentiles.

Verses 31 and 32 conclude the book:

For two whole years Paul stayed there in his own rented house and welcomed all who came to see him. He proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ—with all boldness and without hindrance!

Jesus preached the kingdom of God, and the apostles preached Jesus. Here we see that these two proclamations are one and the same. When we say as Anabaptists that Jesus is the centre of our faith, we are saying also that the kingdom of God is the centre of our faith.

We hear the same note, then, in the first church at Pentecost and in this church at Rome 30 years later. In Acts 2 the disciples were “devoted to the apostles’ teaching”—that is, the teachings and ministry of Jesus. In Acts 28 the same focus remains: Paul “proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ.” As Becker puts it, “Jesus is the centre of our faith.”

Community is the Centre of Our Lives

What does this survey tell us about community? Jesus, the centre of our faith, is expressed by the way that we live together in community. Reconciliation, the centre of our work, flows out of our lives together in community. What, then, can we say about community?

1. The first church specialized in face-to-face community. In Acts 2 they met in house fellowships. In Acts 15 the two major churches of their time could work out their differences in a face-to-face meeting. Here in Acts 28 the core of the local church walked out 40 miles to meet Paul and enter the city with him

I like what we do in this area here at SMC. Our supper clubs give time to get to know each other outside of the worship service. Care groups have given many of us a safe place to share our lives with each other. Our summer potlucks provide another place where we meet face-to-face outside of the worship service. We have many people here this morning who can testify to the care that others in the church have given them. I think that Paul—and Luke—would compliment us, and that he would tell us to care for each other even more! We can keep on developing ways to know each other and support each other face-to-face.

2. The first church cared for each other in practical ways (not just saying “I love you man!”). Remember that Paul went to Jerusalem twice to take a gift to help them in a time of economic hardship and famine. In Acts 11 Barnabas and Paul took them support during a famine, and in Acts 21, Paul and Silas did the same. In Acts 2 they shared all that they had. In the passage we read, someone provided a house for Paul to stay in. I’m reading a history of the early church by F.F. Bruce, titled The Spreading Flame. He observes:

The organization of charity … was a major activity within the individual churches themselves from the start …. The first institution of officers in the Jerusalem church, in addition to the apostles who were the natural leaders from the outset, was the appointment of seven almoners to take charge of this distribution. (Bruce, 189)

He adds this statement about physical needs:

The Christian tradition of caring for the sick also goes back to primitive times. When Alexandria was devastated by an outbreak of plague in the middle of the third century, Dionysius, bishop of the church in that city, describes the devotion with which Christians tended the sick, often catching the plague and dying of it themselves in consequence, whereas their pagan neighbours “thrust from them those who showed the symptoms of plague and fled from their nearest and dearest.” (Bruce, 191)

Here is a contemporary example of the way that church community speaks to the world around us, found in a prayer letter from my wife’s niece. The report describes the experience of a Christian in their local community in Mexico:

About one month ago a boy from our church died in an accident and the reaction of the people who know God’s Word was different [than others’ reaction]; the believers of the church walked alongside the parents of the boy in this difficult situation that they were going through, and many people of the community went to visit the boy’s family and were able to hear the Word of God.  Also, when a service was given at church many people from the community that don’t know God’s Word went, and that day we preached God's Word and many could understand God’s Word since I preached in our language and I could tell that many people liked hearing God's Word.

One lady who recently began to congregate with us told us that her husband hadn’t given her or her children the freedom to go to church in the past, but that the day of the burial her husband had heard God's Word and when they got back home he told his wife that she and their children were free to go to the church.

I like what our church community does in this area as well. We have a history of supporting each other and of reaching out into our community with God’s love. For example, the continued growth of what we call “Steinbach Community Outreach” is an example of such community. Community and reconciliation go together, expressing God’s love to each other and expressing God’s love to the world around us.

3. Life in community creates a counter-culture, which stands against the larger society. The way that Paul proclaimed the gospel reminds us of God’s Reign. Do you ever wonder how the church is related to God’s Reign? Here is how I describe it.

·        The church is not God’s Reign. God’s Reign is bigger than the church. God’s reign is eternal, perfect beyond the bounds of this world, and the church is flawed and imperfect.

·        At the same time, within this world, the God’s reign is made visible in the church.

To put it another way, Canada as a whole lives by one set of values. But God’s Reign is seen in the values that we hold in the community of faith.

We confess that we fail many times to live according to the values of God’s Reign. We fail to love when we intend to love. We fail to forgive and reconcile when we know that God wants us to do so. Such failures hurt. I had a colleague once who felt that I betrayed him. He ended our relationship and refused any approach in which I could examine myself and apologize.

But you see, the fact that we feel the hurt of these failures reminds us of what God wants us to be and to do. People around us in the larger society do the same things and call them “self-care”, or “taking care of myself.” We seek to become like Christ. We are the community of Christ-followers who imitate Christ. As Paul says in Philippians 2, we consider each other’s needs as more important than our own. When we fail, we remember Peter’s words from the Jerusalem Council: “We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are.” We confess our failures, and God restores us so that we can walk again in Christ’s way.

Conclusion

There is much more that we could examine, but this is a start. We are a people who live with Jesus as the centre of our faith, community as the centre of our lives, and reconciliation as the centre of our work.

A final word about community: When we live together and love each other, we help each other to become better and stronger than any of us can be alone. There’s a reason that Weight Watchers encourage each other to lose weight in community with others. There’s a reason that Twelve-Step support systems work so well.

I haven’t defined “community” as we talk about it. Defining “faith” and “community” and “reconciliation” and so on would take another series. But for this morning here is my shorthand summary as a way to think about it:

Jesus is the centre of our faith—Love God.

Community is the centre of our life—Love God’s People.

Reconciliation is the centre of our work—Love—God’s World.

Love God. Love God’s People. Love God’s World.

Steinbach Mennonite Church

28 May 2017

Text, Acts 28: 11-31

Paul’s Arrival at Rome

¹¹ After three months we put out to sea in a ship that had wintered in the island—it was an Alexandrian ship with the figurehead of the twin gods Castor and Pollux. ¹² We put in at Syracuse and stayed there three days.¹³ From there we set sail and arrived at Rhegium. The next day the south wind came up, and on the following day we reached Puteoli. ¹⁴ There we found some brothers and sisters who invited us to spend a week with them. And so we came to Rome. ¹⁵ The brothers and sisters there had heard that we were coming, and they traveled as far as the Forum of Appius and the Three Taverns to meet us. At the sight of these people Paul thanked God and was encouraged. ¹⁶ When we got to Rome, Paul was allowed to live by himself, with a soldier to guard him.

^….

³⁰ For two whole years Paul stayed there in his own rented house and welcomed all who came to see him. ³¹ He proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ—with all boldness and without hindrance!

The First Church of Antioch/Jerusalem (Almost) Blows Up

Introduction

I am continuing the comparison of Palmer Becker’s summary of an Anabaptist identity with the first church in the book of Acts. Last Sunday we noted the connection of “Jesus is the centre of our faith” with the summary of the church begun at Pentecost (Acts 2). Today we examine a controversy that threatened to blow up the First Church of Jerusalem, and which decisively changed the shape of that church—the Council of Jerusalem, called to consider the question: Must Gentile believers in Jesus the Messiah be circumcised and keep the whole Law of Moses? They decided No! We take their decision for granted, given that we are part of the Gentile Church coming from that decision; but it was not nearly so straightforward and clear at the time.

Acts 15 illustrates the second and third of Becker’s summary statements: “Community is the centre of our life, and reconciliation is the centre of our work.” Given that Acts 15 has to do with who is in the church, we can see how it deals with Becker’s comment on community, but we will actually examine reconciliation more deeply. We begin with the background to this passage, and then examine the decision more closely.

The Issue of Circumcision

The first church in Acts 2 was a Jewish church. Although it was highly multicultural, it consisted of “Jews from every nation under heaven” (Acts 2: 5). It remained a Jewish church throughout the first eight chapters of Acts, with a minor movement to Samaria. We can see from Acts 11: 19-21 both how thoroughly Jewish the church was and how it broke out of those confining walls:

Now those who had been scattered by the persecution that broke out when Stephen was killed traveled as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus and Antioch, spreading the word only among Jews. Some of them, however, men from Cyprus and Cyrene, went to Antioch and began to speak to Greeks also, telling them the good news about the Lord Jesus. The Lord’s hand was with them, and a great number of people believed and turned to the Lord.

As long as the church was Jewish, all followers of Jesus continued to observe the Jewish Law. Jesus himself had said that he came to fulfill the law, not to get rid of it. But when Gentiles started joining the fellowship, they had a problem.

The first major movement of Gentiles came in chapter 10, when Peter went to the house of Cornelius, sent by the Holy Spirit, and baptized a houseful of new Gentile believers, who had received the same gift of the Holy Spirit that fell on the first disciples at Pentecost. The evangelizing of Acts 11 added to this beginning, and soon there were many Gentile believers, especially in Antioch, about 300 miles in straight flight north of Jerusalem. (F.F. Bruce suggests that Antioch was the home of Luke, the author of Luke-Acts.)

When the Gentile church began in Antioch, the Jerusalem Church sent Barnabas to instruct them (Acts 11: 22). Barnabas enlisted Saul, and they discipled these new believers. One immediate result was that the Antioch Church helped the Jerusalem Church to survive a bad famine (Acts 11: 27-30). Barnabas and Saul took the gift to Jerusalem, and returned to Antioch at the end of chapter 12, taking with them Barnabas’ cousin, John Mark. (The rest of Chapter 12 tells about Peter’s imprisonment and about the death of James, the son of Zebedee.)

In chapter 13 one can sense trouble brewing. The Antioch Church was a Gentile church, and they sent Barnabas and Saul on a missionary journey to modern Turkey. They went first to Cyprus (which was Barnabas’ home), then to a number of cities in Turkey (closer to Paul’s home in Tarsus). They started by preaching in the synagogue, with good responses from the community, but the Jewish leaders opposed them and began to “heap abuse” on them. In 13: 46f Paul and Barnabas responded that they would now turn to the Gentiles, which marks the beginning of Paul’s Gentile ministry. (Note the significant shift in naming; until chapter 13 Acts refers to Barnabas and Saul; from this chapter on Acts refers to Paul and Barnabas, suggesting that Paul takes the lead, using his Roman—and therefore Gentile—name.) Chapter 14 continues their ministry in Turkey, leading to more conversions and the growth of the Gentile Church. So the stage is set for Acts 15.

The Text

Verses 1-4: If the Jewish church had so far not insisted on circumcision, that now changed. Some Pharisees from the Jerusalem Church insisted that the new Gentile believers should be circumcised; Paul and Barnabas stood against them. The Antioch Church gathered together and decided to send Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem to work out a solution with the elders of the church there. This does not mean that the Jerusalem Church had authority over the Antioch Church, but indicates that the two groups in the church (Jewish-background believers and Gentile-background believers) recognized that this issue was central to the shape of the gospel, and therefore to the shape of the new church. You notice that they were welcomed in Jerusalem. The two groups began their conversation hoping to find a resolution, not expecting to disagree.

Verses 5-11: These verses present the basic debate.

1. The circumcisers made their case: Everyone who follows Jesus must also keep the whole Law of Moses, including circumcision. Clearly this position means that new Gentile believers have a lot more to do than just follow Jesus. From verse 5 we can see that the ones most likely to insist on keeping the whole law—including circumcision—were Pharisees who had accepted the gospel. They might have expected Paul the Pharisee to agree with them, but he did not.

2. The apostles and elders debated their case. We sometimes call this “the Jerusalem Council”, but this was a smaller leadership group who spoke for the whole church. (This fact does not mean that an elder-led church is biblical and other forms or not; this form reflected Jewish culture, drawn directly from the synagogue.)

3. There was a long conversation, in which we can assume that most people had a chance to speak.

4. Peter then makes his case against circumcision for Gentiles. The circumcisers may have thought that Peter would be on their side, after all, as Paul tells in Galatians (2: 11ff), when the circumcisers first came to Antioch, Peter listened to them and stopped eating with Gentiles until they would be circumcised. But Paul rebuked Peter at that time, and Peter appears to have been convinced. He says two things:

1) God showed me in the house of Cornelius that God loves all people; God does not play favourites between Jews and Gentiles.

2) The law is actually a yoke (a burden of discipline) that neither Gentiles nor Jews can bear. Rather, it is God’s grace given in Jesus that saves us, just as God saves Gentiles.

Verses 12-21: Peter’s words shifted the mood of the meeting. Now Paul and Barnabas started telling what happened in their recent trip through Asia Minor (Turkey), in which God’s Spirit was as evident has the Spirit had been at Pentecost. When they were done, James, who appears to take the leadership in the Jerusalem Church, gives the verdict. This James was the brother of Jesus, and probably the author of the book of James in the NT.

He said:

1) God spoke through Simon (Peter) to call Cornelius.

2) The prophets had said this would happen (quoting from Amos 9: 11-12). 3)

3) We must listen to what God is doing today: Gentiles do not need to keep the Law (so they do not need to be circumcised), but we do ask them to honour Jewish food laws to make the transition easier for Jewish-background believers. (Compare Paul in Romans 14 and 15 on food offered to idols.)

So the resolution to the issue was to focus on their common centre: “We are saved the same way that they are—through the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.” The resolution included advice not to take advantage of the decision to put the losing side on the defensive. Circumcision was a once-a-lifetime ritual, but food laws were lived with every day. Rather than making the Jewish-background believers uncomfortable on a daily basis, every time they saw Gentile-background believers eating food, they looked for common ground to help people live together.

More About The Issue

It is hard for us from this distance in time to see how contentious an issue this matter of circumcision was. Listen to the way Paul talks about the issue in Galatians, which was written just before the council met in Jerusalem and dealt with these issues from Paul’s perspective. (If you want to know what Paul said in the Antioch and Jerusalem meetings, Galatians gives a pretty good idea!)

Galatians 3: 1-3,

“You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard? Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh?

Again, Galatians 5: 2-6,

Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace. For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.

And finally, Galatians 5: 11-12,

Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished. As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!

Clearly Paul saw the centre of the gospel, faith in Jesus Christ, as at stake in the debate.

Meanwhile the circumcisers were themselves making a strong case that any Gentile men who were not circumcised were betraying the Law of Moses and betraying Jesus at the same time. The issue was one that had the potential to destroy the first church, both the First Church of Jerusalem and the First Church of Antioch.

In this incendiary situation, the apostles and elders found a way forward by reconciling the two groups together into one body. This reconciliation was revolutionary, and serves as an example for us to follow in our lives today. If Paul argues eloquently against circumcision in the book of Galatians, he speaks with even greater passion of the great work of reconciliation that the church actually embraced. Hear his description of this reconciliation in Ephesians 2: 11-22,

Therefore, remember that formerly you who are Gentiles by birth and called “uncircumcised” by those who call themselves “the circumcision” (which is done in the body by human hands)—remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, excluded from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ.

For he himself is our peace, who has made the two groups one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, by setting aside in his flesh the law with its commands and regulations. His purpose was to create in himself one new humanity out of the two, thus making peace, and in one body to reconcile both of them to God through the cross, by which he put to death their hostility. He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near. For through him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit.

Consequently, you are no longer foreigners and strangers, but fellow citizens with God’s people and also members of his household, built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone. In him the whole building is joined together and rises to become a holy temple in the Lord. And in him you too are being built together to become a dwelling in which God lives by his Spirit.

Wow! This is the heart of who we are. “Reconciliation is the centre of our work.

For Us Today

I wonder what example to choose to illustrate such reconciliation at work today. Often our conflicts are over criminal actions, so we observe the way that the Amish forgave the killer in the Nickel Mines shooting. One can find stories in the news of individual acts of forgiving acts as terrible as a murder. Perhaps the most moving for me have been reports in the NY Times from April 6, 2014, about survivors of the Genocide in Rwanda. The article tells stories from the work of the NGOs seeking to bring perpetrators and victims together for confession and reconciliation.

Here is one such brief story:

NDAHIMANA: “The day I thought of asking pardon, I felt unburdened and relieved. I had lost my humanity because of the crime I committed, but now I am like any human being.”

MUNGANYINKA: “After I was chased from my village and Dominique and others looted it, I became homeless and insane. Later, when he asked my pardon, I said: ‘I have nothing to feed my children. Are you going to help raise my children? Are you going to build a house for them?’ The next week, Dominique came with some survivors and former prisoners who perpetrated genocide. There were more than 50 of them, and they built my family a house. Ever since then, I have started to feel better. I was like a dry stick; now I feel peaceful in my heart, and I share this peace with my neighbors.”

None of their stories suggest that reconciliation is easy. It must be worked at one step at a time. In the early church the conflict did not end with the Jerusalem Council; it had to be worked at one step at a time for many years.

Our conflicts are not nearly as serious as the criminal acts I have mentioned, but the scars they leave are deep, separating people from each other. The first church came close to a full-scale explosion, and avoided it by drawing on their deeper common centre, their life in Christ.

They made peace by laying their differences out on the table, and then re-centring on Christ. That work of re-centring became the work of reconciliation. We do the same today—from seeking peace with God to seeking peace between the nations of the world. Reconciliation is our work. Reconciliation is our ministry and our message, given to us by God, in a world on the verge of exploding. To be fully Anabaptist is to embrace this work of reconciliation in every area of our lives in every way possible with everyone around us.

Steinbach Mennonite Church

21 May 2017 

Text, Acts 15: 1-21

The Council at Jerusalem

15 Certain people came down from Judea to Antioch and were teaching the believers: “Unless you are circumcised, according to the custom taught by Moses, you cannot be saved.” ² This brought Paul and Barnabas into sharp dispute and debate with them. So Paul and Barnabas were appointed, along with some other believers, to go up to Jerusalem to see the apostles and elders about this question. ³ The church sent them on their way, and as they traveled through Phoenicia and Samaria, they told how the Gentiles had been converted. This news made all the believers very glad. ⁴ When they came to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and elders, to whom they reported everything God had done through them.

⁵ Then some of the believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, “The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to keep the law of Moses.” ⁶ The apostles and elders met to consider this question. ⁷ After much discussion, Peter got up and addressed them: “Brothers, you know that some time ago God made a choice among you that the Gentiles might hear from my lips the message of the gospel and believe. ⁸ God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. ⁹ He did not discriminate between us and them, for he purified their hearts by faith. ¹⁰ Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of Gentiles a yoke that neither we nor our ancestors have been able to bear? ¹¹ No! We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are.”

¹² The whole assembly became silent as they listened to Barnabas and Paul telling about the signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them. ¹³ When they finished, James spoke up. “Brothers,” he said, “listen to me. ¹⁴ Simon has described to us how God first intervened to choose a people for his name from the Gentiles.¹⁵ The words of the prophets are in agreement with this, as it is written: ¹⁶ “‘After this I will return and rebuild David’s fallen tent. Its ruins I will rebuild, and I will restore it,  that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord, even all the Gentiles who bear my name, says the Lord, who does these things’—¹⁸ things known from long ago.

¹⁹ “It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God. ²⁰ Instead we should write to them, telling them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood. ²¹ For the law of Moses has been preached in every city from the earliest times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”

The First Church of Jerusalem

Introduction

Last Sunday Victor reminded us of Palmer Becker’s summary of an Anabaptist identity: “Jesus is the center of our faith. Community is the center of our lives. Reconciliation is the center of our work.” This summary helps give clarity to what we mean when we say we want to be an Anabaptist church.

Over the next three Sundays I want to ask a related question: What shape did the first church take? A particular concern of the first Anabaptists was what we sometimes call “primitivism”, when “primitive” means “original”—that is, what the first church in Acts looked like. Their concern was to try and restore the church to the kind of fellowship found in the book of Acts. We see a similar movement in the Wesleyan Church, which was formed by a merger of the Wesleyans with the Primitive Methodist Church.

Today I want to look at that first church, using the summary statement in Acts 2, following the formation of the disciples into a growing group at Pentecost. What we see this morning reflects the first two of Palmer Becker’s three summaries: Jesus is the centre of our faith and community is the centre of our lives. I will focus especially on the first one.

Next Sunday I will look at Acts 15 and the Jerusalem Council, which gives us insight into the third of Becker’s statement: Reconciliation is the centre of our work. On May 28 I plan to examine Paul’s experience of an enforced house fellowship in Acts 28, which picks up the second summary idea: Community is the centre of our lives. Acts 2 occurs within the first two months of Christ’s death and resurrection. The Jerusalem Council took place about 20 years later. Finally, Paul’s imprisonment in Rome was about 30 years after Christ’s death and resurrection. So we are looking at the first church over the first 30 years of its life.

The Text

Look with me at Acts 2: 42-47.

Chapter 2 describes the events of Pentecost—the way that the disciples were waiting for God’s Spirit; the way that God’s Spirit fell on them, leading to speaking in the languages of all the Jews gathered at Pentecost; the response of the people to this outburst; Peter’s sermon to the people, leading many to repent [of killing the Messiah] and joining themselves to the group of those who follow Jesus as God’s Messiah. Verses 42 to 47 then describe the way that this first group of disciples lived and worshipped. Each of the segments of Acts 2 deserves its own full treatment, but we look this morning just at verses 42-47.

Verse 42: “They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer.”

The text is clear. They took four basic steps [that is, “they devoted themselves to”]:

1. They listened to and followed the apostles’ teaching. (”Jesus is the centre of our faith.”)

2. They practiced “fellowship”. (“Community is the centre of our lives.”)

3. They broke bread regularly—probably on a daily basis. (“Jesus is the centre of our faith.”

4. They spent a lot of time in prayer. (Ditto!)

We will discuss these four more fully below.

Verse 43: “Everyone was filled with awe at the many wonders and signs performed by the apostles.”

This statement makes it clear that their lives continued the life of Jesus himself. Just as his ministry was characterized by signs and wonders, so also were their lives. The point of these “signs”—miracles of healing and casting out evil spirits—was always to bring people to faith in Jesus. They healed and delivered people, as the record in Acts shows, not so much because they were trying to replace hospitals, as because these actions were a sign of God’s presence, helping people to believe that Jesus is the Messiah.

Verses 44-45: “All the believers were together and had everything in common. They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need.”

This part of the summary expands on the fellowship that they practiced (verse 42). Both of these two qualities—the use of signs and wonders, and the practice of radical koinonia—are developed more fully in the next summary statement Luke provides in Acts 4.

Verses 46-47: “Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.”

Luke closes the summary with this note—that they continued to worship in the temple (which would have included making the sacrifices found in the Judaism of that time), but went deeper into their faith in home fellowships, where they ate together and broke bread. One result of their radical and open discipleship was that new believers kept joining them on a daily basis.

Now I want to look more deeply at the four “devotions” of verse 42.

Devoted To

1. They listened to and followed the apostles’ teaching.

What was the apostles’ teaching? Remember that this summary comes about two months after the death and resurrection of Jesus. The apostles, then, would be the 12 named in Acts 1—the original 11 plus Matthias. They were chosen specifically because they were witnesses to the whole of Jesus’ ministry (Acts 1: 21f). So “the apostles’ teaching” would be their memories of all that Jesus said and did. This teaching probably formed the core of what have become our four gospels. The rest of the NT (Acts to Revelation) grew out of reflection on this original teaching. So we do the same today by devoting ourselves also to the Scriptures, which bring us to Jesus.

Reviewing the way that the NT grew out of the apostles’ teaching reminds us of the basic way that we read Scripture. In Luke 24 Jesus opened the Scriptures to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus, showing them from the Scriptures that the Messiah had to “suffer these things” [the crucifixion] before he entered into his glory. That conversation led to an extensive re-interpretation of their Scriptures (our Old Testament), read through the person of Jesus. The NT grew out of these conversations, which included this summary in Acts 2.

We have said a number of times that we read the Old Testament through the New Testament, and that we interpret both through the person of Jesus Christ. You see that basic pattern established here already in Luke 24 and Acts 2.

I like the way that some liturgical churches use the lectionary. They read three Scriptures each Sunday. First there is the OT, with the reader stating “The Word of the Lord” at the close of the reading, and the congregation responding, “Thanks be to God.” Later in the service, there is the NT reading, with the same formula. Then, just before the sermon, the reader calls on the congregation to stand for the gospel reading, holding the Bible aloft to exalt the gospel just before reading it. The whole process reminds us of how we read the Bible. Even if we don’t follow that style of lectionary readings, we do use the principles behind it.

A brief excursus: This example from liturgical traditions serves as a reminder that the principles that we think of as uniquely Anabaptist belong in fact to the church as a whole. John Wesley, for example, was clear that we read the Old through the New, and the whole through the life and ministry of Jesus. This is indeed an Anabaptist distinctive, but not uniquely ours.

2. They practiced “fellowship”.

We will spend more time on this point in a couple of weeks. For today it is enough to observe that the first church was radically oriented to Jesus, and thus also to each other. They took Jesus’ words seriously—that we love God and we love each other equally. As John puts it in his letters, our love for God is expressed in our love for each other. Among the many commands we find in the letters of the NT, the command to love each other (stated in one way or another) is the most common by far.

Francis Schaeffer has a little booklet titled The Mark of the Christian, in which he argues two things: 1) Based on John 13: 34-35 (I give you a new command—to love each other), Schaeffer states that failure to love each other denies our identity as Christians. We say to the world, “We are not followers of Jesus.” 2) Based on John 17: 20-26 (Jesus’ prayer for those who will believe through his disciples, that they may be one as Jesus is one with the Father), he adds that failure to love each other testifies to the world that God does not exist and that the Father did not send the Son into the world. “Community is the centre of our lives,” says Becker. Indeed!

3. They broke bread regularly.

This is a practice that we have lost in the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition. I am not sure just why, but possibly because we saw the extent to which the church had become corrupt. The Church that the first Anabaptists knew had made the Mass the centre of daily worship services, and they rejected all that the established church stood for. So we have come to celebrate communion [the breaking of bread] two to four times a year.

Excursus: Some argue that the breaking of bread refers to a common meal rather than to communion. That is, I believe, correct; but it closed with communion, patterned after the Last Supper. This chapter comes only two chapters after Luke 24, in Luke’s two-volume work. It describes the pattern that was established in the first year of the new church’s life. I can’t imagine that they did not intentionally model their meetings on their memory of the last meal they had with Jesus.

I don’t think that this passage calls us back to daily celebration of the Lord’s Table, but it does call us back to remembering and living Christ’s death and resurrection regularly. A basic point of “breaking bread” is to know Christ. As Luke says of the two disciples in Luke 24, they recognized Jesus when he blessed the bread and broke it. We know Jesus in blessing the bread and the cup and taking communion.

This point reminds us that our Anabaptist commitment to activism—to an active discipleship—must be grounded in daily communion with God. We walk with Jesus (discipleship) because we are in close relationship with God. The fourth point reinforces this emphasis on knowing God.

4. They spent a lot of time in prayer.

Someone has said that nothing important happens in the book of Acts (and in Luke’s gospel) without the Holy Spirit and prayer. At the beginning of this chapter the Holy Spirit falls on the gathered disciples as they are praying. Repeatedly throughout the book they gather to pray, and God acts as they pray. This truth is bound together with the emphasis above on regular communion. Here we find the source of our desire and ability to walk faithfully as disciples of Jesus.

What Does This Look Like Today?

I am not certain what this kind of church would look like today. I suspect that almost any church around us could look like this. These four points are not so much a blueprint as they are a set of principles that should be found in our church life, whatever our precise structures. We are people who study Scripture deeply. We are people who live out what we find as we study Scripture. We are people who pray together as we study and as we live our lives. We are people who are grounded in God’s love and show that love to everyone around us. We are people who make God’s reign visible in our lives, so that we live against the grain of our society.

To put it another way, we are called to be an Acts 2 church. An Anglican church, with its Bishop-led and diocesan structure, can be an Acts 2 church. A Pentecostal church, with its emphasis on speaking in tongues, can be an Acts 2 church. A Russian orthodox church, with no pews so that no one sits down in God’s presence, can be an Acts 2 church. That is what God wants us also to be.

We are part of the Mennonite family, with our own history and our own patterns and structures. These are important, and we do not set them aside lightly. We embrace our church history and traditions as we go into the future. But within the way we do things, we remain a people centred on the life and ministry of Jesus. That is how we become like the first church of Jerusalem. That is what God calls us to do as God’s people today.

Steinbach Mennonite Church

14 May 2017

Text, Acts 2: 42-47

The Fellowship of the Believers

⁴² They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. ⁴³ Everyone was filled with awe at the many wonders and signs performed by the apostles. ⁴⁴ All the believers were together and had everything in common. ⁴⁵ They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need. ⁴⁶ Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, ⁴⁷ praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.

Mothers Day 2017

Some people hate Mothers’ Day. Some people dread it. Women who are not technically mothers wonder if anyone cares enough to honour them by recognizing their contributions. All kinds of problems go along with the good that we say about our mothers each year at this time.

But the day continues, and should. I honour the mothers in my family, from the one who carried me in her womb to the one who had no children of her own, but became my step-mother. I have a special place in my heart for the woman I married, who is mother to our children. I honour my sisters and their families, and my nieces and their families.

Maybe we should call “Mothers’ Day” a day for all adult women, whether they are technically mothers or not, whether they are especially nurturing people or not, because women (like men) are basic to our lives. Each particular woman we honour is special in her own way—not in some sort of cookie cutter fashion that revolves around child-bearing only.

Regardless of what we should do, I am thinking of two particular women this weekend, my grandmothers. Grandma Slagenweit (my mother’s mother) was a no nonsense woman who saw a job to do and did it. I did not know her at all well, since I grew up in Zimbabwe while she lived in Pennsylvania—too far for casual weekend trips. My own mother was supposed to be like her mother, but I think the likeness had to do with her energy and approach to work: See job and do it! Grandma was not as openly affectionate as Grandpa Slagenweit (PapPap, we called him). He was the hugger, and she was not.

When mother married our father, she was packing up her belongings to move out of the family home when she realized that Grandma was not helping her. Since Grandma had helped her older brother to pack, mother asked why she wasn’t helping her too. Grandma’s reply was terse: “Andrew’s coming back.” That is, he’ll visit us often; you’re going to Africa and we won’t see you very much. The vignette shows that she loved her children deeply and grieved their parting, but was not good at processing emotions. Easier to stay out of the way!

Grandma Climenhaga (Dad’s mother) was a Smith when she married Grandpa. Emma Smith. Warm, friendly, the child in the family who held the rest of the family together. In their relationship, Grandpa C was the no-nonsense one, and Grandma was the one who showed her emotions. Another vignette: When her brother was without a job and having trouble finding a place to live, he stayed with Grandpa and Grandma in California for some time. Grandpa insisted he move out, because they could not afford to keep him long term. Grandma resisted, because he was her brother.

Both sets of grandparents loved each other deeply. The day before Grandma C died, she and Grandpa went for a walk near the home in which he grew up, in Stevensville, Ontario. They walked along the railroad track, and one of them wondered if the other remembered the day when they were courting and walked by those tracks. She had admired a wildflower growing down by the tracks, and he scrambled down the embankment to pick the flower and bring it to her. He may have been no-nonsense, but they were in love. She died that night in her sleep—soon after the shared memory of that long ago walk.

One Grandma was warm and caring, and one was no-nonsense and straightforward. Both loved their husbands and their children and worked hard through the years of the Great Depression to provide for their families. I remember them now, although both had died before we finally moved to the States to live and I did not know them well. I remember them, and I honour them this Mothers’ Day.

An Invitation to Reinterpret Everything

Memories of Easters past.

1972—Schoolgirls at Matopo Secondary dressed in white, singing “Namhla Uvukile” [Today He has risen!] before the African Autumn dawn. dressed all in white, they sounded like angels!

1991—My parents shaking Lois and me awake with the news that Dad Heise has just died; the cancer had finished its work. We meant to spend the day with my parents. Instead, it was the last time I saw my mother.

Easter is our invitation to remember all that has happened in our lives. It is also our own invitation to reinterpret all that happens to us.

This congregation has also experienced the losses that make Easter a bittersweet time. As we sing and rejoice, we hear echoes of trumpets playing and voices singing from those who have gone before. We know well what I describe when I think of Lois’ Dad singing in Heaven’s choir on Easter morning.

The scene on the road to the village of Emmaus gives us a way to remember, showing us the path to joy that lies buried in all our griefs. Jesus invites us to see our lives, to see our world, in light of the cross, and to discover that “the way of the cross [is] none other than the way of life and peace.” I will speak primarily from Luke’s account, with the words from Acts 2 and 1 Peter 1 echoing in the background.

Listen to the Text Again

Two disciples walked the seven miles home from Jerusalem to Emmaus. Presumably they had been in Jerusalem for the trial and execution of Jesus. In any case, that is what they were talking about. On Friday they saw the Messiah killed, and then the sun set. Today we refer to the day between Good Friday and Easter Sunday as Holy Saturday, a time of waiting for the celebration to begin. The first “Holy Saturday” was the Sabbath Day, a time of waiting in God’s presence for renewal through hearing God’s Law, the Torah.

That Sabbath was a strange day of resting. Because it was the Sabbath, they were unable to go to the tomb, unable to return to their home in Emmaus, unable to do anything in response to the terrible events they had witnessed. Finally on the first day of the week, they could go home. They headed off about the middle of the afternoon, and as they walked they also talked over all that had happened in Jerusalem. A leisurely Sunday afternoon walk home.

Jesus joined them on the way. They didn’t recognize him, even when he asked what they were talking about. I have wondered why they were “kept from recognizing him”. Perhaps they needed to remain in a time of questioning and searching longer, so that they could deal fully with their grief. Perhaps they wanted to move on to resolution too quickly; we often do so. As a matter of practice in the church’s year, this is a good reason for the length of Lent, and for length of the Easter Season—to allow us to dwell in grief and joy as long as we need to. I doubt that this thought was in Luke’s mind, but it is true nonetheless.

Without realizing it, they were talking to the man who was in the middle of those events. Ironically they said, “You’re not from around here, are you!” Then they told him what had happened to him—the humour of God at work. The interaction that follows is vitally important for us to grasp this morning.

They said:

“He was a prophet. We thought he was the Messiah! But the religious leaders had him killed. We don’t know what to do! (We had hoped … !)

“He did say something about the third day, and today is the third day.

“We heard something this morning. Some women [you can almost hear the doubt in their voices: women will say anything …] said that they found his tomb empty. Some of our close friends [this is more promising] say that they have seen him.

(A point in all of these accounts is the place of the women—unreliable witnesses in Jewish tradition, but last at the cross, and first at the empty tomb.)

After they finished, hear Jesus’ response:

He said to them, “How foolish you are, and how slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Did not the Messiah have to suffer these things and then enter his glory?” And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself.

Obviously he did not pull out a Torah scroll and show the passages of Scripture. Rather, he took them to passages that they knew well, passages read often in the synagogue, passages still read today at Shaarey Zedek and other synagogues here in Winnipeg.

They reached their home and invited Jesus in. he sat down at the table with them, and picked up the bread. Then he broke it [just as he had done at the Last Supper], and they recognized him. They hurried back to Jerusalem, never mind the onset of night. They hurried through the dark to find the Eleven and tell them that the light of their lives was alive!

I have wondered what Scriptures he quoted to them in this process of reinterpretation.

In the passage we read from Acts 2, last Sunday and this Sunday, Peter preaches to the assembled Jews at Pentecost. He applies Psalm 16 and Psalm 110 directly to Jesus. I wonder if that identification goes back to this walk to Emmaus.

At the beginning of the sermon Peter refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit, who continued the work of Jesus, as fulfilling Joel 2.

The Gospel writers apply Psalm 22 (verses 1 and 18) to Jesus.

In Acts 4, the disciples apply Psalm 2 to Jesus.

Probably the most important passage was Isaiah 53. In John 12:37-38, John applies this passage to the ministry of Jesus. In Acts 8:32-35, Philip applies the prophecy to Jesus. In 1 Peter 2:22-23, Peter identifies the suffering servant with Jesus. All of these uses may go back to this walk to Emmaus, as well as to Jesus’ own ministry—see Luke 22:37, in which Jesus applies the prophecy to himself.

One could go through all of the OT passages quoted in the NT (I think of Jeremiah 31:31-34, for example, or Mark 4’s use of the prophet Isaiah), and I suspect that many of them go back to this conversation between the two disciples and Jesus. Jesus took what they thought they knew—the terrible events of the weekend and their Scriptures—and re-interpreted their Scriptures and re-structured their lives, changing them from a source of death and despair to a place of life and hope.

The Basic Point of the passage is this truth: That Jesus re-interpreted their Scriptures so that they could know the truth about God and about God’s Messiah, and he re-structured their lives so that what they had experienced as loss and death became the source of life and eternal hope. So also for us, God teaches us to read our Scriptures through the person of Jesus Christ, who reinterprets and restructures our very lives. Our lives begin to make sense as God speaks into our experience.

Excursus: I locate the basic point of the passage in the preached word. My OT colleague at Providence locates it in the way that two disciples recognized Jesus in the breaking of bread, so that the church reads this passage as a call to the Lord’s Table, where we again meet Jesus. Perhaps we are both right—the preached word, and the bread and cup. She is Anglican, and I am Mennonite; we may reflect our own traditions as we read the passage.

A Story of Reinterpretation

I told you last week that I have been reading the memoirs of Leoda Buckwalter. She was born in India to missionary parents and served for over 40 years with her husband, Allen, in India. A story from the last year of their time in India shows how God uses the events of our lives to do what God wants to do. God works, even through those parts of our lives that don’t make sense.

In the final year of their service they were asked to provide leadership to a small congregation in New Delhi for one year. They moved from their home, about 15 miles away, to that neighbourhood, where they rented the back rooms of a Hindu homeowner. For a year they served the congregation, while continuing their daily work in the offices of the Far Eastern Broadcasting Association (FEBA).  Leoda describes the new setting in which they found themselves for their last year in India. They were surrounded (not for the first time) by Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs, who saw them as foreigners and outsiders, in spite of their 40+ years in India. They welcomed their new congregation and friends with a gathering at their new home on the first evening there. Here is Leoda’s account:

About nine o’clock we heard a car outside. Allen stood up, took several steps, then sat down again. I glanced at him. Did he sense evil as I did? He said nothing and the moment passed. Half-an-hour later he went to take Shirin home, and the car was missing! He came back in and said quietly, “Someone has stolen our car. Mr. Sharma and I will have to inform the police.”

Our neighbors gathered quickly to investigate another car, same make and color, that sat across the road. Our landlord and Allen sped off on the motorcycle to the police station. Shirin turned to me and said, “Auntie, this wasn’t an accident. That car is out of gas. The thieves unlocked yours, then pushed it. That’s the evil that I felt.”

“You did? I felt it too …”

“Uncle must have also. I wondered why he turned back and sat down. That wasn’t like him.”

“The Lord prevented him from going.” Quick tears stung my eyes, even as she murmured, “Yes.”

For three weeks Allen and I rode the motorcycle forty-five minutes each way to the office. Biting January winds whipped our faces, and we pulled our coats closer. We heard nothing until the day when our names appeared in the Prayer Challenge. “Ask the Lord to supply their need,” he read, then prayed, “Today we need the car!”

That afternoon the police caught the professional car thieves, involved in six other car thefts. To the amazement of our Hindu neighbors we received our car back intact. It had been abandoned in the next state!

“It never happens!” our new friends exclaimed. “Thieves always strip stolen cars.

What are you teaching us, dear Lord? I cried again and again throughout that first month in the Greater Kailash. One morning I heard the Lord say in my inner spirit, “My child, I know what I am doing. When Allen and you became victims, you took up a role that every Indian understands. Otherwise, your being foreigners would have dominated. Now your neighborhood is reaching out to help you.”

Hear me carefully. God does not always explain events to us. Rather God restructures our lives and gives them meaning—not that we understand each event, but that the whole fits within God’s will. Paul puts it this in Colossians 1:

¹⁵ The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. ¹⁶ For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him. ¹⁷ He is before all things, and in him all things hold together.

We use two words at the end of this description: In Christ all things hold together. The Greek uses one word: sunesteken. Some translations give this as “all things co-inhere” or “fit together” or “cohere”. One idea within this word is that when all things’ “hold together” or “cohere”, they begin to make sense. When nothing fits together, nothing makes sense. When life fits together in Christ, we can see that it is right, even if we can’t explain a particular piece.

We must be careful as we talk about God restructuring our lives so that they make sense. Some things about our world defy explanation this side of the grave. I was present at Shaarey Zedek some years ago for Yizkor—a remembrance service that occurs several times a year within the synagogue. We remember parents, siblings, and children who had died. Then the Rabbi said, “Now we remember the six million.” Some things will never make sense to us, and we should not pretend that they can. But all that is given to Christ does fit together within God’s reality, within the Cross and Resurrection: As someone has said, Reality is cross-shaped. What Jesus did for the two men on the road to Emmaus was help them restructure their lives through the cross and the resurrection. Jesus wants to do the same for us today.

Conclusion

Like the two disciples walking to Emmaus, we are trying to make sense of our lives. We have experienced loss—the death of a spouse or a parent, the loss of relationships, a miscarriage so that an anticipated child never arrives, dreams that have died, hopes that have failed. As we walk through life we wonder what has happened to us, and where God is to be found. Then we notice Jesus walking with us. He begins to re-interpret and re-structure our lives and our losses. We meet Jesus again as (in C.S. Lewis’ words) “the One who was so full of life that, when he wished to die, he had to ‘borrow death from others.’” Jesus borrowed our death, our sins, our losses, our pains, our very selves; and he gives us back our selves alive with the resurrection.

Having learned the way of the cross, we then can pray the Resurrection Sunday prayer of victory:

Almighty God, who through your only-begotten Son Jesus Christ overcame death and opened to us the gate of everlasting life: Grant that we, who celebrate with joy the day of the Lord’s resurrection, may be raised from the death of sin by your life-giving Spirit; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.

Grace Bible Church

30 April 2017

Texts

Acts 2:14a, 36-41

1 Peter 1:17-23

Luke 24:13-35

Luke 24:13-35

On the Road to Emmaus

¹³ Now that same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem. ¹⁴ They were talking with each other about everything that had happened. ¹⁵ As they talked and discussed these things with each other, Jesus himself came up and walked along with them; ¹⁶ but they were kept from recognizing him.

¹⁷ He asked them, “What are you discussing together as you walk along?” They stood still, their faces downcast. ¹⁸ One of them, named Cleopas, asked him, “Are you the only one visiting Jerusalem who does not know the things that have happened there in these days?”

¹⁹ “What things?” he asked. “About Jesus of Nazareth,” they replied. “He was a prophet, powerful in word and deed before God and all the people. ²⁰ The chief priests and our rulers handed him over to be sentenced to death, and they crucified him; ²¹ but we had hoped that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel. And what is more, it is the third day since all this took place. ²² In addition, some of our women amazed us. They went to the tomb early this morning ²³ but didn’t find his body. They came and told us that they had seen a vision of angels, who said he was alive. ²⁴ Then some of our companions went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said, but they did not see Jesus.”

²⁵ He said to them, “How foolish you are, and how slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken! ²⁶ Did not the Messiah have to suffer these things and then enter his glory?” ²⁷ And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself.

²⁸ As they approached the village to which they were going, Jesus continued on as if he were going farther. ²⁹ But they urged him strongly, “Stay with us, for it is nearly evening; the day is almost over.” So he went in to stay with them. ³⁰ When he was at the table with them, he took bread, gave thanks, broke it and began to give it to them. ³¹ Then their eyes were opened and they recognized him, and he disappeared from their sight. ³² They asked each other, “Were not our hearts burning within us while he talked with us on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?”

³³ They got up and returned at once to Jerusalem. There they found the Eleven and those with them, assembled together ³⁴ and saying, “It is true! The Lord has risen and has appeared to Simon.” ³⁵ Then the two told what had happened on the way, and how Jesus was recognized by them when he broke the bread.